API & RESTful API

2023-11-10T17:40:28Z

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API & RESTful API

2023-11-10T17:06:17Z

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2023-06-27T16:25:03Z

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Cookie

2023-06-27T16:20:01Z

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2023-06-27T16:18:19Z

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2023-06-27T16:16:49Z

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Hauptseite

2023-06-27T16:15:16Z

Geist:

== ''' A ''' ==
==='''[[ADB]]'''===
==='''[[Agile]]'''===
==='''[[Alpine]]'''===
==='''[[Apache]]'''===
==='''[[Anacron]]'''===
==='''[[Android]]'''===
==='''[[apt sources.list]]'''===
==='''[[apt]]'''===

== ''' B ''' ==
==='''[[Backup]]'''===
==='''[[bash]]'''===
==='''[[Bitcoin]]'''===
==='''[[blkid]]'''===
==='''[[Blockchain]]'''===
==='''[[Blockchain Office]]'''===
==='''[[Borg]]'''===

== ''' C ''' ==
==='''[[Cookie]]'''===
==='''[[Cron]]'''===
==='''[[Crypto]]'''===
==='''[[Cryptographic Hash Algorithm]]'''===

== ''' D ''' ==
==='''[[Debian]]'''===
==='''[[DevOps]]'''===
==='''[[Docker]]'''===
==='''[[Dockerfile]]===
==='''[[Dolphin KDE]]===

== ''' F ''' ==
==='''[[Fail2Ban]]'''===

== ''' G ''' ==
==='''[[Git]]'''===
==='''[[GNU/LINUX]]'''===
==='''[[ GnuPG/OpenPGP/PGP ]]'''===
==='''[[GRUB]]'''===

== ''' H ''' ==
==='''[[Hacking-Methoden]]'''===

== ''' I ''' ==
==='''[[Image mount]]'''===
==='''[[IP]]'''===
==='''[[IT Berufstitel]]'''===

== ''' J ''' ==
==='''[[Jenkins]]'''===

== ''' K ''' ==
==='''[[KanBoard]]'''===
==='''[[Kate]]'''===

== ''' L ''' ==
==='''[[Linux Build]]'''===
==='''[[Luks]]'''===
==='''[[LXC LXD]]'''===

== ''' M ''' ==
==='''[[MariaDB]]'''===
==='''[[MediaWiki]]'''===

== ''' N ''' ==
==='''[[NFT]]'''===
==='''[[NMAP]]'''===
==='''[[NTFS]]'''===

== ''' O ''' ==
==='''[[OpSec]]'''===
==='''[[OpenSSL]]'''===
==='''[[Oracle]]'''===

== ''' P ''' ==
==='''[[PHP]]'''===
==='''[[Prometheus]]'''===

== ''' Q ''' ==
==='''[[quantum attacks]]'''===

== ''' R ''' ==
==='''[[RSYNC]]'''===

== ''' S ''' ==
==='''[[Scrum]]'''===
==='''[[Secure-Hash-Cookie]]'''===
==='''[[snap-snapd-snappy]]'''===
==='''[[SQL]]'''===
==='''[[ssh]]'''===
==='''[[SQL TUNING]]'''===

== ''' T ''' ==
==='''[[TAR]]'''===
==='''[[TCPIP]]'''===
==='''[[TWRP]]'''===

== ''' U ''' ==
==='''[[UUID]]'''===

== ''' V ''' ==
==='''[[Vagrant]]'''===

== ''' W ''' ==
==='''[[WEBRTC]]'''===
==='''[[Wireshark]]'''===

== ''' Y ''' ==
==='''[[Youtube]]'''===

== ''' Z ''' ==
==='''[[z4o]]'''===

IT Berufstitel

2023-06-16T11:13:10Z

Geist: Die Seite wurde neu angelegt: „Chief Architect (Hauptarchitekt) Chief Technology Officer (CTO) (Technologiechef) Chief Information Officer (CIO) (Informationschef) Chief Enterprise Archit…“

Chief Architect (Hauptarchitekt)

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Chief Information Officer (CIO) (Informationschef)

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Systemarchitekt

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Hauptseite

2023-06-16T11:12:47Z

Geist:

== ''' A ''' ==
==='''[[ADB]]'''===
==='''[[Agile]]'''===
==='''[[Alpine]]'''===
==='''[[Apache]]'''===
==='''[[Anacron]]'''===
==='''[[Android]]'''===
==='''[[apt sources.list]]'''===
==='''[[apt]]'''===

== ''' B ''' ==
==='''[[Backup]]'''===
==='''[[bash]]'''===
==='''[[Bitcoin]]'''===
==='''[[blkid]]'''===
==='''[[Blockchain]]'''===
==='''[[Blockchain Office]]'''===
==='''[[Borg]]'''===

== ''' C ''' ==
==='''[[Cron]]'''===
==='''[[Crypto]]'''===
==='''[[Cryptographic Hash Algorithm]]'''===

== ''' D ''' ==
==='''[[Debian]]'''===
==='''[[DevOps]]'''===
==='''[[Docker]]'''===
==='''[[Dockerfile]]===
==='''[[Dolphin KDE]]===

== ''' F ''' ==
==='''[[Fail2Ban]]'''===

== ''' G ''' ==
==='''[[Git]]'''===
==='''[[GNU/LINUX]]'''===
==='''[[ GnuPG/OpenPGP/PGP ]]'''===
==='''[[GRUB]]'''===

== ''' H ''' ==
==='''[[Hacking-Methoden]]'''===

== ''' I ''' ==
==='''[[Image mount]]'''===
==='''[[IP]]'''===
==='''[[IT Berufstitel]]'''===

== ''' J ''' ==
==='''[[Jenkins]]'''===

== ''' K ''' ==
==='''[[KanBoard]]'''===
==='''[[Kate]]'''===

== ''' L ''' ==
==='''[[Linux Build]]'''===
==='''[[Luks]]'''===
==='''[[LXC LXD]]'''===

== ''' M ''' ==
==='''[[MariaDB]]'''===
==='''[[MediaWiki]]'''===

== ''' N ''' ==
==='''[[NFT]]'''===
==='''[[NMAP]]'''===
==='''[[NTFS]]'''===

== ''' O ''' ==
==='''[[OpSec]]'''===
==='''[[OpenSSL]]'''===
==='''[[Oracle]]'''===

== ''' P ''' ==
==='''[[PHP]]'''===
==='''[[Prometheus]]'''===

== ''' Q ''' ==
==='''[[quantum attacks]]'''===

== ''' R ''' ==
==='''[[RSYNC]]'''===

== ''' S ''' ==
==='''[[Scrum]]'''===
==='''[[Secure-Hash-Cookie]]'''===
==='''[[snap-snapd-snappy]]'''===
==='''[[SQL]]'''===
==='''[[ssh]]'''===
==='''[[SQL TUNING]]'''===

== ''' T ''' ==
==='''[[TAR]]'''===
==='''[[TCPIP]]'''===
==='''[[TWRP]]'''===

== ''' U ''' ==
==='''[[UUID]]'''===

== ''' V ''' ==
==='''[[Vagrant]]'''===

== ''' W ''' ==
==='''[[WEBRTC]]'''===
==='''[[Wireshark]]'''===

== ''' Y ''' ==
==='''[[Youtube]]'''===

== ''' Z ''' ==
==='''[[z4o]]'''===

IT Berufstitle

2023-06-16T11:12:09Z

Hauptseite

2023-06-16T11:11:33Z

Geist:

== ''' A ''' ==
==='''[[ADB]]'''===
==='''[[Agile]]'''===
==='''[[Alpine]]'''===
==='''[[Apache]]'''===
==='''[[Anacron]]'''===
==='''[[Android]]'''===
==='''[[apt sources.list]]'''===
==='''[[apt]]'''===

== ''' B ''' ==
==='''[[Backup]]'''===
==='''[[bash]]'''===
==='''[[Bitcoin]]'''===
==='''[[blkid]]'''===
==='''[[Blockchain]]'''===
==='''[[Blockchain Office]]'''===
==='''[[Borg]]'''===

== ''' C ''' ==
==='''[[Cron]]'''===
==='''[[Crypto]]'''===
==='''[[Cryptographic Hash Algorithm]]'''===

== ''' D ''' ==
==='''[[Debian]]'''===
==='''[[DevOps]]'''===
==='''[[Docker]]'''===
==='''[[Dockerfile]]===
==='''[[Dolphin KDE]]===

== ''' F ''' ==
==='''[[Fail2Ban]]'''===

== ''' G ''' ==
==='''[[Git]]'''===
==='''[[GNU/LINUX]]'''===
==='''[[ GnuPG/OpenPGP/PGP ]]'''===
==='''[[GRUB]]'''===

== ''' H ''' ==
==='''[[Hacking-Methoden]]'''===

== ''' I ''' ==
==='''[[Image mount]]'''===
==='''[[IP]]'''===
==='''[[IT Berufstitle]]'''===

== ''' J ''' ==
==='''[[Jenkins]]'''===

== ''' K ''' ==
==='''[[KanBoard]]'''===
==='''[[Kate]]'''===

== ''' L ''' ==
==='''[[Linux Build]]'''===
==='''[[Luks]]'''===
==='''[[LXC LXD]]'''===

== ''' M ''' ==
==='''[[MariaDB]]'''===
==='''[[MediaWiki]]'''===

== ''' N ''' ==
==='''[[NFT]]'''===
==='''[[NMAP]]'''===
==='''[[NTFS]]'''===

== ''' O ''' ==
==='''[[OpSec]]'''===
==='''[[OpenSSL]]'''===
==='''[[Oracle]]'''===

== ''' P ''' ==
==='''[[PHP]]'''===
==='''[[Prometheus]]'''===

== ''' Q ''' ==
==='''[[quantum attacks]]'''===

== ''' R ''' ==
==='''[[RSYNC]]'''===

== ''' S ''' ==
==='''[[Scrum]]'''===
==='''[[Secure-Hash-Cookie]]'''===
==='''[[snap-snapd-snappy]]'''===
==='''[[SQL]]'''===
==='''[[ssh]]'''===
==='''[[SQL TUNING]]'''===

== ''' T ''' ==
==='''[[TAR]]'''===
==='''[[TCPIP]]'''===
==='''[[TWRP]]'''===

== ''' U ''' ==
==='''[[UUID]]'''===

== ''' V ''' ==
==='''[[Vagrant]]'''===

== ''' W ''' ==
==='''[[WEBRTC]]'''===
==='''[[Wireshark]]'''===

== ''' Y ''' ==
==='''[[Youtube]]'''===

== ''' Z ''' ==
==='''[[z4o]]'''===

Ssh

2023-06-14T08:53:02Z

Geist: /* Login with SSH Key */

Android

2023-06-14T08:40:18Z

Geist:

==== Custom Recovery ====
[https://twrp.me/Devices/ TeamWin - TWRP]

==== Root ====
[https://supersuroot.org/ SuperSU Root]
[https://magiskmanager.com/ Magisk Manager]

==== OS ====
[https://maruos.com/ maru os]
[https://ubuntu-touch.io/de/ Ubuntu Touch | ubports]

==== APK Cleaner ====
[https://www.titaniumtrack.com/titanium-backup.html Titanium Backup ]

==== Bootanimation ====
/system/media/bootanimation.zip
1080x1920
720x1280

Ssh

2023-06-14T08:27:48Z

Geist:

==== ''' AUTHOR | HACKBUGZ ''' ====
[https://stackexchange.com/users/23684174/hackbugz?tab=accounts StackExchange | HACKBUGZ]
[https://www.tiktok.com/@hackbugz? TIKTOK | HACKBUGZ]

==== ''' Links ''' ====
[https://linux.die.net/man/1/sshfs sshfs(1) - Linux man page]
[https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/FUSE/sshfs/ wiki.ubuntuusers.de FUSE/SSHFS]
[https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/FUSE/ wiki.ubuntuusers.de FUSE]

[https://www.ssh.com/iam/ssh-key-management/ SSH Key Management]
[https://www.ssh.com/ssh/authorized_keys/ Authorized_keys file in SSH]
[https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/208960/how-to-restrict-a-user-to-one-folder-and-not-allow-them-to-move-out-his-folder How to restrict a user to one folder and not allow them to move out his folder - Unix & Linux Stack Exchange]
[https://www.tecmint.com/restrict-ssh-user-to-directory-using-chrooted-jail/ Restrict SSH User Access to Certain Directory Using Chrooted Jail]
[https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/debian-ubuntu-restricting-ssh-user-session-to-a-directory-chrooted-jail/ Debian/Ubuntu Linux: Restrict an SSH user session to a specific directory by setting chrooted jail - nixCraft]
[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/SSHFS SSHFS - ArchWiki]

[https://askubuntu.com/questions/48129/how-to-create-a-restricted-ssh-user-for-port-forwarding security - How to create a restricted SSH user for port forwarding? - Ask Ubuntu]
[https://www.linux-magazin.de/ausgaben/2018/08/einfuehrung-2-5/ Aus dem Alltag eines Sysadmin: Reverse-SSH-Tunnel und Autossh]
[https://www.howtogeek.com/428413/what-is-reverse-ssh-tunneling-and-how-to-use-it/ What Is Reverse SSH Tunneling? (and How to Use It)]
[https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/100859/ssh-tunnel-without-shell-on-ssh-server ssh tunneling - SSH: tunnel without shell on ssh server - Unix & Linux Stack Exchange]
[https://serverfault.com/questions/56566/ssh-tunneling-only-access linux - ssh tunneling only access - Server Fault]
[https://www.it-react.com/index.php/2020/01/06/how-to-setup-reverse-ssh-tunnel-on-linux/ How to Setup Reverse SSH Tunnel on Raspberry Pi behind a 3G USB stick modem - IT-REACT]
[https://dev.to/bulletmark/create-a-reverse-ssh-tunnel-for-remote-access-to-a-restricted-machine-1ma0 Create a reverse SSH tunnel for remote access to a restricted Linux machine - DEV Community]
[https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/55106/disable-user-shell-for-security-reasons https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/55106/disable-user-shell-for-security-reasons]
[https://www.everythingcli.org/ssh-tunnelling-for-fun-and-profit-autossh/ SSH tunnelling for fun and profit: Autossh]
[https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/ssh-keygen.1.html ssh-keygen(1) - Linux manual page]
[https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/128894/ssh-exchange-identification-connection-closed-by-remote-host-not-using-hosts-d linux - ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host (not using hosts.deny) - Unix & Linux Stack Exchange]

[https://github.com/szmi Miklos Szeredi | github]
[https://indico.cern.ch/event/608592/contributions/2830117/attachments/1592339/2520491/Evolution_of_FUSE_and_OverlayFS.pdf Evolution of FUSE and OverlayFS | Miklos Szeredi]

[https://explainshell.com/explain?cmd=ssh+-L+-N+-f+-l+-R+-i+-1 explainshell]
[https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/Screen/ Screen]
[https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/nohup/ nohup]
[https://linuxcommand.org/lc3_man_pages/ssh1.html linuxcommand ssh1]
open ip

SSHFS und FUSE sind zwei verschiedene Dinge, die jedoch eng miteinander verwandt sind.

FUSE (Filesystem in Userspace) ist ein Framework für das Betriebssystem Linux, das es ermöglicht, Dateisysteme in Benutzermodus-Programmen zu implementieren, anstatt diese im Kernelmodus implementieren zu müssen. Durch die Verwendung von FUSE können Benutzermodus-Programme wie SSHFS auf einfache Weise ein Dateisystem erstellen, das wie ein herkömmliches Dateisystem gemountet werden kann.

SSHFS (SSH Filesystem) ist eine Erweiterung des FUSE-Frameworks, mit der man ein Dateisystem über SSH mounten kann. Das bedeutet, dass man über eine sichere Verbindung (SSH) auf Dateien und Verzeichnisse auf einem entfernten System zugreifen kann, als wären sie auf dem eigenen Computer vorhanden.

Zusammenfassend kann man sagen, dass FUSE ein Framework ist, das es ermöglicht, Dateisysteme in Benutzermodus-Programmen zu implementieren, während SSHFS eine Anwendung ist, die FUSE verwendet, um ein Dateisystem über SSH zu mounten.

SFTP und SSHFS sind ähnliche Technologien, die beide eine sichere Möglichkeit bieten, auf entfernte Dateien und Verzeichnisse zuzugreifen. Beide basieren auf dem SSH-Protokoll, das eine sichere Verschlüsselung der Datenübertragung ermöglicht. Der Hauptunterschied zwischen SFTP und SSHFS liegt jedoch in der Art und Weise, wie sie die Remote-Dateisysteme bereitstellen.

SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol) ist ein Dateiübertragungsprotokoll, das auf dem SSH-Protokoll basiert und es ermöglicht, Dateien zwischen lokalen und entfernten Systemen zu übertragen. SFTP bietet jedoch keine Möglichkeit, ein entferntes Dateisystem zu mounten. Stattdessen bietet SFTP einen Dateizugriff über eine sichere Verbindung, ähnlich wie beim FTP-Protokoll.

SSHFS (SSH Filesystem) hingegen ist ein FUSE (Filesystem in Userspace)-basiertes Dateisystem, das es ermöglicht, ein entferntes Dateisystem als lokales Dateisystem zu mounten. SSHFS verwendet das SSH-Protokoll, um eine sichere Verbindung zu einem entfernten System herzustellen und ein entferntes Dateisystem als lokales Dateisystem zu mounten. Dadurch können Sie auf entfernte Dateien und Verzeichnisse zugreifen, als wären sie auf Ihrem lokalen Computer vorhanden.

Wenn es darum geht, auf entfernte Dateien und Verzeichnisse zuzugreifen, ist SSHFS in der Regel die bessere Option, da es die Möglichkeit bietet, ein entferntes Dateisystem als lokales Dateisystem zu mounten, was die Arbeit mit entfernten Dateien und Verzeichnissen erleichtert. SFTP ist jedoch eine gute Option, wenn Sie nur Dateien übertragen müssen, ohne das gesamte Dateisystem mounten zu müssen.

=== '''SSH|SCP|SFTP FUSE, SSHFS''' ===
'''Mit dem SSH-Clients SSHSSH|SCP|SFTP kann man sich über ein Terminal auf entfernte Rechner anmelden.'''
'''Die Kommunikation und die Authentifizierung findet dabei verschlüsselt statt.'''
'''SSH kann dabei interaktiv oder nicht interaktiv genutzt werden'''

=== '''RANKING DER REMOTE CLIENTS|TOOLS NACH SICHERHEIT''' ===
# '''SSH'''
# '''SCP'''
# '''SFTP'''
# '''RLOGIN'''
# '''TELNET'''
# '''FTP'''

==== '''SSH STATUS''' ====
'''$ systemctl status ssh '''

'''$ whoami'''
'''$ who'''
'''$ w'''

'''$ ps'''
'''$ ps aux'''
'''$ ps aux | grep ssh '''
'''$ ps aux | grep sshd '''

'''$ lsof -i -n | egrep 'ssh' '''
'''$ lsof -i -n | egrep 'sshd' '''

'''$ ss '''
'''$ ss -l'''
'''$ ss | grep tcp'''
'''$ ss | grep -i ssh'''
'''$ ss -u -a'''

'''$ last -a | grep -i still'''

'''apk*error'''
''$ service ssh status ''
''$ netstat -tanup | grep ssh ''
''$ netstat -tnpa | grep 'ESTABLISHED.*sshd''
''$ netstat -an | grep 8090/port''
''$ firewall-cmd --list-all-zones ''

==== '''SSH tools''' ====
'''ssh-keygen'''
'''$ ssh-keyscan ip > known_hosts'''
'''$ ssh-keyscan -f txtwithhosts'''

'''ssh-keyscan'''

'''ssh-copy-id'''

'''ssh-add'''
'''$ ssh-add -l '''
'''$ ssh-add KEY '''

'''ssh-agent'''
'''$ pgrep ssh-agent '''
'''$ ps aux | grep ssh-agent'''

==== '''SSH|SSHFS|FUSE CONFIG FILES''' ====
'''$ cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config'''
'''$ cat /etc/ssh/ssh_config'''
'''$ /etc/fuse.conf'''
'''$ /etc/modules'''
''
'''''IN LAB'''''
'''AllowHosts'''
'''AllowUsers'''
'''AllowGroups'''
'''ChRootGroups(Syntax: AllowGroups)'''
'''ChRootUsers(Syntax: AllowUsers)'''

==== '''Create SSH Key''' ====
'''$ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -b 4096'''

==== '''Copy SSH Key''' ====
'''$ ssh-copy-id -i KEY user@IP'''
'''$ ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/KEY user@IP'''

''copy key while login with key''
'''$ ssh-copy-id -i KEYTOCOPY -f -o 'IdentityFile KEYTOLOGIN' -p 5000 USER@IP'''

==== '''Login with SSH Key''' ====
'''$ ssh -i ~/.ssh/KEY user@IP -p 5001'''

==== '''ssh config files & folders''' ====
'''/etc/ssh/ssh_config'''
'''/etc/ssh/sshd_config'''
'''~/.ssh'''
'''~/.ssh/authorized_keys '''
'''~/.ssh/known_hosts'''

==== '''ssh sshd_config file''' ====
'''$ nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config'''
''' Port 5000'''
''' PubkeyAuthentication yes'''
''' PasswordAuthentication no'''
''' PermitEmptyPasswords no'''
''' X11Forwarding no'''
''' Banner /path/ (Message before login)'''
''''' ListenAddress (Strict/Diff Networks)'''''
''''' MaxSessions '''''
[https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/26170/sshd-config-maxsessions-parameter MaxSessions parameter]

==== '''ssh motd file''' ====
'''$ nano /etc/motd (Message after Login)'''

==== '''ssh known_hosts file''' ====
'''$ nano ~/.ssh/known_hosts '''

==== '''ssh authorized_keys file''' ====
'''$ nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys '''

'''How to manually copy SSH public keys to server:'''
On the local machine
'''$ cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub'''
copy
''ssh-rsa .STRING. USER@IP''

On the remote server paste the line to:
'''~/.ssh/authorized_keys'''

==== '''SSHFS FUSE''' ====
'''$ sshfs user@host:/dir /dir -o IdentityFile=~/.ssh/KEY'''

'''$ sshfs user@host:/dir /dir -o IdentityFile=~/.ssh/KEY -o idmap=user -o uid=$(id -u) -o gid=$(id -g)'''

'''$ sshfs user@host:/dir /dir -C -p 5001'''

==== '''SSHFS FUSE | USER MAPPING''' ====
'''$ sshfs Benutzername@irgendEinRechner:/pfad_auf_dem_server/ ~/fusessh -o idmap=user -o uid=$(id -u) -o gid=$(id -g) '''
'''$ sshfs user@host:/dir /dir -o IdentityFile=~/.ssh/KEY -o idmap=user -o uid=$(id -u) -o gid=$(id -g) -o nonempty -p 5001 '''

==== '''SSHFS FUSE | SYMLINKS''' ====
'''$ sshfs -o follow_symlinks'''

'''$ sshfs Benutzername@irgendEinRechner:/pfad_auf_dem_server/ ~/fusessh -o follow_symlinks '''

==== '''SSHFS FUSE | FUSERMOUNT''' ====
'''$ fusermount -u /dir '''

==== '''SSHFS FUSE | Denied root access to user mounted FUSE file system''' ====
This is by design in fuse as a security measure.
Pass the '''-o allow_root''' or '''-o allow_other''' option when mounting the filesystem with sshfs.
[https://serverfault.com/questions/188894/denied-root-access-to-user-mounted-fuse-file-system https://serverfault.com]

==== '''SSHFS TIMEOUT''' ====
'''1) In der Datei .ssh/config folgende Zeile hinzufügen (liegt im Homeverzeichnis des Anwenders, bzw. wenn man Automount beim Systemstart macht, ist die Datei /root/.ssh/config zu ändern):'''

'''$ sshfs -o ServerAliveInterval=15'''
'''$ sshfs-o reconnect,ServerAliveInterval=15,ServerAliveCountMax=3 '''
[https://serverfault.com/questions/6709/sshfs-mount-that-survives-disconnect SSHFS mount that survives disconnect| keep connection alive]
The options ServerAliveInterval=5,ServerAliveCountMax=3 say that ssh checks every 5 seconds to see whether the remote server is still responding.
If it does not receive a response after 3 of these checks, then it disconnects automatically.
Thus any process waiting on this mount should hang about 15 seconds max.
The options ConnectTimeout=3,ConnectionAttempts=1 are necessary because otherwise ssh will wait a very long time when attempting to reestablish connections,
which again causes other processes to hang if they try to access the mount during this time.

==== '''SSHFS SYSTEMSTART | /etc/fstab''' ====
'''$ sshfs#Benutzername@irgendEinRechner:/pfad_auf_dem_server/ ~/fusessh fuse uid=1003,gid=100,umask=0,allow_other,_netdev 0 0'''

'''$ sshfs#user@server:/remote/folder /local/mount/dir fuse IdentityFile=sshkeyfile,Port=XXX,allow_other,_netdev,ServerAliveInterval=45,ServerAliveCountMax=2,reconnect,noatime,auto 0 0 '''

'''$ sshfs#user@server:/remote/folder /local/mount/dir fuse IdentityFile=sshkeyfile,Port=XXX,uid=1000,gid=1000,allow_other,_netdev,ServerAliveInterval=45,ServerAliveCountMax=2,reconnect,noatime,auto 0 0 '''

'''$ sshfs#user@server:/remote/folder /local/mount/dir fuse delay_connect,IdentityFile=sshkeyfile,Port=XXX,uid=1000,gid=1000,allow_other,_netdev,ServerAliveInterval=45,ServerAliveCountMax=2,reconnect,noatime,auto 0 0 '''

==== '''SSHFS SHOW MOUNTS/CHECK MOUNTED | /etc/mtab''' ====
'''$ mount'''
'''$ cat /proc/mounts'''
'''$ cat /etc/mtab'''
'''$ cat /etc/mtab | grep fuse'''
'''$ cat /etc/mtab | grep ssh'''
'''$ findmnt'''
'''$ findmnt | grep fuse'''
'''$ findmnt | grep ssh'''
'''$ df -h'''
'''$ lsblk -f'''

==== '''SSH Port-Tunneling ''' ====

===== '''Local Forwarding'''=====
'''$ ssh -i ~/.ssh/KEY -L 80:IP:80 user@IP -p 2000 '''

===== '''Remote Forwarding'''=====

===== '''Port Forwarding'''=====

==== '''Reverse SSH Tunnel ''' ====
''Check for:''
''1. ServerAliveInterval(sshd_config)''
''2. autossh''

'''ssh -R 5001:localhost:22 -fN I'''P

==== '''AutoSSH SSH Tunnel ''' ====
'''$ autossh -NT -o "ExitOnForwardFailure=yes" -R 5001:localhost:6001 -l USER IP -p 7001 -i /home/USER/.ssh/KEY'''

'''$ autossh -N -f -i /home/<user>/.ssh/id_rsa -R 22222:localhost:22 <user>@<remote_host>'''
'''-N:''' tell ssh to not execute any command, since we only use it for tunneling.
'''-f:''' tell autossh to fall into background on start.
'''-i:''' tell ssh to use the proper identity.
'''-R''' 22222:localhost:22:
reverse tunnel remote host's 22222 port to localhost's 22 port.
So that we can use ssh -p 22222 localhost on remote host to ssh into local machine.

'''nano /etc/systemd/system/sshtunnel.service'''

===== '''sshtunnel.service''' =====

'''[Unit]'''
Description=AutoSSH tunnel service
#After=network.target
After=network-online.target ssh.service
'''[Service]'''
User=USER
Environment="AUTOSSH_GATETIME=0"
RestartSec=30
Restart=always
ExecStart=/usr/bin/autossh -NT -o "ExitOnForwardFailure=yes" -R 5001:localhost:6000 -l USER IP -p 6001 -i /home/USER/.ssh/KEY
ExecStop=pkill -s KILL autossh
TimeoutStopSec=10
'''[Install]'''
WantedBy=multi-user.target

'''systemctl status sshtunnel.service'''
'''systemctl daemon-reload'''
'''systemctl restart sshtunnel.service'''

When using ssh multiplexing, killing the ssh process is often undesirable
(it kills all open connections with that host),
and you cannot easily access the escape because "escape not available to multiplexed sessions".
The right way is then to run the analogue of the forwarding command that you want to cancel,
but adding -O cancel. For instance:

'''ssh -O cancel -L 5002:192.168.0.10:5002 192.168.178.100'''

This will disable this port forwarding without terminating the session. Again, this will only
work if ssh multiplexing is in use for the connection to 192.168.178.100

$ ssh -luser 192.xx.xxx.xx

==== ''' ssh commands ''' ====
$ ssh user@192.168.188.2 '[command]'
$ ssh user@192.168.188.2 'ls -la /home/user'
$ put

==== ''' ssh execute command ''' ====
$ ssh user@ip 'ls -la'

==== ''' ssh execute script ''' ====

$ ssh user@ip < script.sh
$ ssh user@ip "bash -s" < script.sh

==== ''' secure file transfer ''' ====

===== ''' SCP file ''' =====
$ pscp

# scp [source][destination]
# destination ip:/path/

'''$ scp /test user@192.168.188.2:/home/user/test'''
'''$ scp *.txt user@192.168.188.2:/home/user/txt'''

'''$ scp user@192.168.188.2:/home/user/txt.txt .'''

[https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/748130/515538 How to copy files from one machine to another using ssh]

===== ''' SCP folder ''' =====

'''$ scp -r /dir user@192.168.188.2:/home/user/dir '''
'''$ scp -r /dir/* user@192.168.188.2:/home/user/dir '''
'''$ scp -r user@192.168.188.2:/home/user/dir /home/dir'''
'''$ scp -r user@192.168.188.2:/home/user/dir .'''

===== ''' sftp ''' =====

===== ''' psftp ''' =====

===== ''' ssh Jumphost ''' =====
#ssh jumphost
PC->Junphost->IntServer
PC->Firewall->IntServer
ssh -J user@ip user@ip

===== ''' ssh Multi-hop Tunnel ''' =====
ssh -L8080:localhost:8080 user@host1
SSH Tunnel with -t and -v (verbose)

===== ''' ssh X11 Forwarding ''' =====
'''$ ssh -X user@ip'''
firefox &

===== ''' ssh config file ''' =====
#ssh config file in .ssh/config
Host *
User user
Host linuxhost
HostName 192.168.188.2
User user
Port 2000
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/mykey

ssh config file in /etc/ssh/ssh_config

debug modus
$ ssh debianvm -v

===== ''' ssh VNC|DISPLAY ''' =====
ssh user @<ipadresse> "DISPLAY =:0 nohup firefox"
ssh -i KEY -p XXXX user@x.x.x.x "DIS1PLAY =:0 nohup firefox"
ssh -i KEY -p XXXX -X user@x.x.x.x
ssh -i KEY -L 5901:127.0.0.1:5901 -C -N -l -p XXXX user@x.x.x.x
ssh -i KEY -p XXXX -L 5901:127.0.0.1:5901 -C -N -l user x.x.x.x

===== ''' socks proxy with google-authenticator!? ''' =====
# in SSHD FILE
$ AuthenticationMethods publickey,keyboard-interactive
$ nano /etc/pam.d/sshd

# google auth
$auth required pam_google_authenticator.so
$auth required pam_google_authenticator.so nullok

ssh socks reverse

Bash

2023-06-08T09:55:57Z

Geist: /* RANDOM STRINGS */

== Script ==
'''$ type script'''
'''$ chmod +x script'''
'''$ ./script'''
'''$ .script'''
'''$ source script'''
'''$ bash script'''

#!/bin/bash

== Command Line ==
'''Everything is a file'''
'''255 Byte'''
The maximum length for a file name is 255 bytes.
The maximum combined length of both the file name and path name is 4096 bytes.
This length matches the PATH_MAX that is supported by the operating system.
'''Names are case-sensitive'''

==== Special chars to avoid in names/filenames ====
/ Never
\ Escaped
- Never at beginning
[] Escaped
{} Escaped
* Escaped
' Escaped
" Escaped

==== Wildcards ====
'''*''' asterisk | any char
'''?''' question mark | single char
'''[]''' square brackets | set of single char or a range of chars

==== List files and folders ====
'''$ ls'''
'''$ ls folder'''
'''$ ls ./folder'''
'''$ ls /path/folder'''
'''$ ls ~/folder'''
'''$ ls ~/folder/*.jpg'''
'''$ ls ~/folder/*txt*'''
'''$ ls -R folder''' (list of subfolders)

'''$ ls -l''' (single column)
'''-''' regular file
'''_''' executable
'''d''' directory
'''l''' symbolic link
'''s''' socket
'''b''' block device
'''c''' character device
'''p''' named pipe

'''$ ls -m''' (comma-separated list)
'''$ ls -a''' (hidden files and folders)

'''$ ls -F''' (file type)
Symbols and file types
'''*''' Executable
'''/''' Directory
'''@''' Symbolic link
'''|''' FIFO
'''=''' Socket

'''$ ls --color (content in color)'''
'''$ dircolors'''
'''$ dircolors --print-database'''
'''$ ls -F --color'''
'''$ la -la'''
'''$ ls -r'''
'''$ ls -X''' (sort by extension)
'''$ ls -t''' (sort by date)
'''$ ls -S''' (sort by content)
'''$ ls -h'''
'''$ ls -laS'''
'''$ ls -h'''

'''$ pwd''' (current path)

==== Change directory with '''cd'''====
'''$ cd folder'''
'''$ cd ~'''
'''$ cd -'''
'''$ cd ..'''

==== Create and change current time of file '''touch'''====
create new, empty file
'''$ touch file'''

update access and modification time for file
'''$ touch file'''

any desired time for file
'''$ touch -t [[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.ss]file'''

==== Create directory with '''mkdir'''====
new directory
'''$ mkdir folder'''

create directory with subdirectories
'''$ mkdir -p test/sub/folder'''

create directory and show steps
'''$ mkdir -v test/sub/folder'''
'''$ mkdir -pv test/sub/folder'''

== Count files and directories, summary size and '''EXCLUDE''' folders ==
'''[https://unix.stackexchange.com/q/691703/515538 '''bash count files and directory, summary size and EXCLUDE folders that are fuse|sshfs''']'''

==== Full size of a folder with '''du'''====
get the full size of workdir | no fuse/sshfs in use
'''$ du -hs workdir'''

get the full size of workdir, excluding mysshfs | fuse/sshfs in use
'''$ du -hs --exclude=mysshf workdir'''

==== Count files in folder with '''find'''====
count files in workdir | no fuse/sshfs in use
'''$ find workdir -type f | wc -l'''

count files in workdir, excluding mysshfs | no fuse/sshfs in use
'''$ find workdir -type f -not -path "*mysshfs*" | wc -l'''

count files in workdir, excluding mysshfs | fuse/sshfs in use
'''$ find workdir -path "*/mysshfs/*" -prune -o $ -type f -print $ | wc -l'''

==== Count folders in folder with '''find'''====
count folders in workdir | no fuse/sshfs in use
'''$ find workdir -type d | wc -l'''

count folders in workdir, excluding mysshfs | no fuse/sshfs in use
'''$ find workdir -type d -not -path "*mysshfs*" | wc -l'''

count folders in workdir, excluding mysshfs | fuse/sshfs in use
'''$ find workdir -path "*/mysshfs/*" -prune $ -type d -print $ | wc -l'''

== Building blocks ==

==== run several commands sequentially with ''';''' and '''&&''' ====
executed sequential no matter if successfully or unsucessfully
''';'''
'''$ ls /home ; ls notfound; ls ~'''

executed sequential if successfully run next
'''&&'''
'''$ ls /home && ls notfound && ls ~'''

== PORT SCAN with bash's built-in /dev/tcp ==
'''check if host response on a give port with bash's built-in /dev/tcp'''

'''#!/bin/bash
HOST_NAME="127.1"
HOST_PORT="80"
if ( (exec 3<>/dev/tcp/${HOST_NAME}/${HOST_PORT}) 2> /dev/null); then
echo -e "PORT: ${HOST_PORT} | ON"
else
echo -e "PORT: ${HOST_PORT} | OF"
fi
exit; '''

'''#!/bin/bash
HOST_NAME="127.1"
for HOST_PORT in {1..1000}
do
if ( (exec 3<>/dev/tcp/${HOST_NAME}/${HOST_PORT}) 2> /dev/null); then
echo -e "PORT: ${HOST_PORT} | ON"
else
echo -e "PORT: ${HOST_PORT} | OF"
fi
done
exit;'''

'''#!/bin/bash
HOST_NAME="127.1"
declare -A PORT_ON
for HOST_PORT in {1..65535}
do
if ( (exec 3<>/dev/tcp/${HOST_NAME}/${HOST_PORT}) 2> /dev/null); then
PORT_ON[${HOST_PORT}]="ON"
fi
done
for i in ${!PORT_ON[*]}
do
echo -e "$i : ${PORT_ON[$i]}"
done
exit;'''

== watch ==

'''$ watch -t -n 0.1 "grep \"^[c]pu MHz\" /proc/cpuinfo"'''
'''$ watch -t -n 0.1 "grep \"^[c]pu MHz\" /proc/cpuinfo && free -m"'''

== Firefox bash output ==

For the usage in bash:
'''$ watch -n 1 "ps aux | grep [f]irefox"'''
'''$ watch -n 0.1 "ps aux | grep [f]irefox"'''
'''$ watch -n 1 "ps aux | grep [f]irefox && free -m"'''
'''$ watch -n 0.1 "ps aux | grep /usr/lib/firefox-esr/firefox"'''
'''$ watch -n 0.1 "ps aux | grep /usr/lib/firefox-esr/firefox && free -m"'''
'''$ watch -d -n 0.1 "ps aux | grep [f]irefox"'''

Load a page and press F5 in the tab(again and again or hold the F5 button pressed) and watch
When i kill the a tab with the right pid i get the message in the tab, that the tab is crashed now

''' In Firefox, about:performance'''

But check also this in bash if i close or open and load a page tab:
'''$ pidof firefox'''
'''$ pidof firefox-esr'''
'''$ pgrep firefox get the main/parentid of one or "n" profiles'''
'''$ pgrep firefox-esr get the main/parentid of one or "n" profiles'''

Get parentid and childid
'''$ ps aux | grep [f]irefox'''
'''$ ps aux | grep [f]irefox | grep tab'''

You see the parentBuildID and something of the child/tab
It looks like that you can't close the child/tab only the parentBuildID, if you kill the child/tab the tab will crash but not close(but killed).

'''$ ps -ef | grep [f]irefox | wc -l'''
'''$ ps -ef | grep [f]irefox | grep tab | wc -l'''

== Create Symbolic Links ==
[https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/ln.1.html ln|Linux manual page]
''Symlink To a File''
'''$ ln -s [OPTIONS] TARGET LINKNAME'''
'''$ ln -s TARGET LINK_NAME'''

''Symlinks To a Directory''
'''$ ln -s /mnt/my_drive/movies ~/my_movies '''

''Overwriting Symlinks''
''To overwrite the destination path of the symlink, use the -f (--force) option''
'''$ ln -sf my_file.txt my_link.txt'''

''Removing Symlinks ''
'''$ unlink symlink_to_remove'''
'''$ rm symlink_to_remove'''

== List harddisk|usb|volume|partitions ==
''Get label names:''
'''$ e2label /dev/sdXx '''
'''$ /sbin/blkid | grep sdXx''''
'''$ blkid /dev/sdXx | awk -F'"' '{print $2}''''

''Set label name:''
'''$ e2label /dev/sdXx MYNAME'''
'''$ tune2fs -L MYNAME /dev/sdXx '''

== Create filesystem with '''mkfs.ext4''' ==
'''$ mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1 -L MYNAME'''

== Create/Add new USER '''useradd'''==
Useradd is built-in Linux command that can be found on any Linux system. However, creating new users with this low-level is a tedious task because it doesn't create the home directory and user password by default.

Adduser is not a standard Linux command. It’s essentially a Perl script that uses the useradd command in the background. This high-level utility is more efficient in properly creating new users on Linux. It gives you the option to create the home directory, and set password along with a few more parameters.

[https://linuxhandbook.com/useradd-vs-adduser/ Difference between adduser and useradd commands]
[https://linuxconfig.org/add-user-linux-command adduser vs useradd in Linux]

'''$ useradd [OPTIONS] USERNAME'''

'''$ cat /etc/default/useradd'''
'''$ ls -la /etc/skel/'''
'''$ cat /etc/login.defs'''

View default options:
'''$ useradd -D '''

Change the default login shell
'''$ useradd -D -s /bin/bash '''
'''$ useradd -D | grep -i shell '''

To create a user without home directory
'''$ useradd -M user '''

Create a user with changed login shell
'''$ useradd -s /bin/sh user '''

Option to create a user home directory
'''--create-home'''
'''-m '''

'''$ /sbin/useradd -m -u 10000 USERNAME -s /bin/bash '''

There is an option for adding an encrypted password via the '''-p''' option on useradd
Note that the '''-p''' option '''doesn't allow you to input a plaintext password''', it expects you to encrypt it first.
This is intentionally difficult, because you should not do it!
Just use the '''passwd''' command or '''chpasswd'''

'''passwd USER'''
or
'''echo USER:NEWPASSWORD | /sbin/chpasswd'''

[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2150882/how-to-automatically-add-user-account-and-password-with-a-bash-script How to automatically add user account AND password with a Bash script?]

'''$ /sbin/useradd -ms /bin/bash USER'''
Create USER + Homedirectory + Bash as Shell

USER+HOME+SHELL+PASSWORD
'''$ /sbin/useradd -ms /bin/bash USER && echo USER:NEWPASSWORD | /sbin/chpasswd'''

== Delete USER '''userdel'''==
'''$ userdel [OPTIONS] USERNAME '''

Use the -r (--remove) option to force userdel to remove the user’s home directory and mail spool:
'''$ userdel -r username '''

Kill all user’s running processes
'''$ killall -u username '''

Another option is to use the -f (--force) option that tells userdel to forcefully remove the user account, even if the user is still logged in or if there are running processes that belong to the user.
'''$ userdel -f username '''

[https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-delete-users-in-linux-using-the-userdel-command/ How to Delete/Remove Users in Linux (userdel Command)]

== '''usermod'''==

https://linuxize.com/post/usermod-command-in-linux/#:~:text=By%20default%2C%20on%20most%20Linux%20systems%2C%20the%20default,name%20of%20the%20user%3A%20usermod%20-s%20SHELL%20USER

https://linuxconfig.org/usermod#:~:text=usermod%20command%20in%20Linux%20Advanced%20Examples%201%20Use,given%20a%20unique%20ID%20when%20first%20created.%20

https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/usermod/

== '''GROUP, USER | GROUP VS PASSWD''' ==

https://teaching.idallen.com/cst8207/12f/notes/600_users_and_groups.html

https://www.unix.com/unix-for-dummies-questions-and-answers/162563-inconsistency-between-passwd-group.html

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/55107/why-dont-etc-group-and-etc-password-match

https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/initgroups.3.html

== chown ==

https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/chown/

== chmod ==

https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/chmod/

== chattr ==

https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/chattr/

https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/chattr.1.html

== SHELL USER INFOS ==

'''getent passwd "$LOGNAME"'''

'''grep passwd /etc/nsswitch.conf'''

== rbash | Restricted Bash ==
'''$ rbash '''
'''$ bash -r'''

https://www.tecmint.com/rbash-a-restricted-bash-shell-explained-with-practical-examples/
https://www.thegeekdiary.com/rbash-set-restricted-shell-in-linux/

https://www.howtogeek.com/718074/how-to-use-restricted-shell-to-limit-what-a-linux-user-cando/
https://ostechnix.com/how-to-limit-users-access-to-the-linux-system/
https://averagelinuxuser.com/creating-new-user-linux/
https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-create-users-in-linux-using-the-useradd-command/
https://www.howtoforge.com/user_password_creating_with_a_bash_script

== Simple Script Jail ==

This is are the default settings for the USER to login and run a bash shell:
'''$ chsh -s /bin/bash [USER] '''

This for the simple jail:
'''$ chsh -s /home/[USER]/./run [USER] '''

== Disable history ==

https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-disable-bash-shell-commands-history-on-linux
https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/disable-bash-shell-history-linux/
https://www.thegeeksearch.com/how-to-disable-and-clear-linux-command-line-history/

== Disable LASTLOGIN ==
'''$ touch /home/user/.hushlogin'''

https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-disable-last-login-message-on-rhel-linux
https://www.heatware.net/linux-unix/linux-how-to-disable-last-login-welcome-message/

== type | command check ==

Check whether a command is built-in or not
'''$ type [COMMAND]'''

== RANDOM NUMBERS ==
'''$ echo $RANDOM'''
'''$ echo $(( $RANDOM % 9 + 0 ))'''

'''$ echo $(shuf -i 0-9 -n1)'''

'''$ od /dev/urandom -A n -t d -N 1 '''

https://linuxhint.com/generate-random-number-bash/
https://linuxconfig.org/generating-random-numbers-in-bash-with-examples
https://www.delftstack.com/howto/linux/random-number-generation-in-bash/

== RANDOM STRINGS ==
'''$ echo $RANDOM | md5sum | head -c 1; echo; '''
'''$ tr -dc A-Za-z0-9 </dev/urandom | head -c 1 ; echo ' ' '''

https://gist.github.com/earthgecko/3089509

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/230673/how-to-generate-a-random-string
https://linuxhint.com/generate-random-string-bash/
https://www.saotn.org/bash-function-to-generate-a-random-alphanumeric-string/

https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/709895/515538

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/747546/dhcpd-or-dhclient-not-found#comment1421782_747546

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/747014/command-to-check-if-the-machine-was-rebooted#comment1420778_747014

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/745582/block-every-website-but-one-specific-one#comment1418071_745582

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/745375/what-does-run-rm-rf-do-in-dockerfile#comment1417469_745375

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/741540/setting-alias-for-sourcing-a-script-to-run-that-script-in-jenkins-with-restrict/741545#comment1408882_741545

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/741028/how-do-i-create-a-copy-of-a-hard-drive-on-my-pc#comment1407651_741028

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/740700/how-to-restrict-ssh-for-specific-user-from-specific-subnet#comment1406816_740700

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/740606/migration-of-a-working-debian-11-system-to-another/740612#comment1406640_740612

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/740105/cannot-figure-out-how-to-turn-off-stricthostkeychecking/740107#comment1405529_740107

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/734385/remove-directory-failed-even-as-root#comment1393984_734385

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/715772/how-to-create-a-hash-sha256sum-in-bash-with-more-than-one-source-input-and-w#comment1356335_715772

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/13802/execute-a-specific-command-in-a-given-directory-without-cding-to-it/709871#comment1344018_709871

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/693566/how-can-i-determine-which-browser-tab-is-the-most-network-intensive/693588#comment1311841_693588

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/693006/what-are-these-unexpected-network-devices-which-appear-in-kernel-log/693011#comment1310798_693011

Bash

2023-06-08T09:47:03Z

Geist: /* RANDOM STRINGS */

Bash

2023-06-08T09:42:27Z

Geist:

Luks

2023-06-07T10:17:25Z

Geist:

'''[https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup/ cryptsetup]'''

'''[https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup/-/wikis/FrequentlyAskedQuestions cryptsetup FAQ''']

== '''luks, cryptsetup''' ==

===== ''luks install'' =====
'''$ apt-get install cryptsetup'''

==== ''luks config'' ====
'''$ modprobe dm-cryp'''t
'''$ dmsetup ls'''

==== ''luks create'' ====
'''$ cryptsetup luksFormat -c aes-xts-plain64 -s 512 -h sha512 -y /dev/sda'''

==== ''luks open'' ====
'''$ cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda cryptdata'''

==== ''luks filesystem'' ====
'''$ mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/cryptdata'''

==== ''luks mount'' ====
'''$ mount /dev/mapper/cryptdata /home/cryptdata'''
'''$ mount -t ext4 /dev/mapper/cryptdata cryptdata'''

==== ''luks umount'' ====
'''$ umount /home/cryptdata'''

==== ''luks close'' ====
'''$ cryptsetup luksClose container'''

==== ''luks file-container'' ====
'''$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/container bs=1M count=1024'''

'''$ cryptsetup -y luksFormat /home/container'''
'''$ cryptsetup luksOpen /home/container container'''

'''$ mkfs.ext4 -j /dev/mapper/container'''

'''$ mkdir /home/container_data'''
'''$ mount /dev/mapper/container /home/container_data'''

'''$ umount /home/container_data'''

'''$ cryptsetup luksClose container'''

==== ''luks Header/Slots:Keys'' ====
'''$ cryptsetup luksDump [device-name]'''
'''$ cryptsetup status /dev/mapper/[device-name]'''

'''$ cryptsetup luksAddKey /dev/sda1'''
'''$ cryptsetup luksAddKey [geraet] [schluesseldatei]'''

delete password
'''$ cryptsetup luksRemoveKey [device-name]

delete slot
'''$ cryptsetup luksKillSlot /dev/sda1 1 '''
'''$ cryptsetup luksDelKey [geraet] [speicherplatz]'''

==== luks luksUUID ====
'''$ cryptsetup luksUUID NAME '''
'''$ printf "lukslvm\tUUID=%s\tnone\tluks\n" "$(cryptsetup luksUUID NAME)" | tee -a /etc/crypttab'''
#CHECK!
'''$ cryptsetup luksUUID /dev/sda1 --uuid "$newuuid"'''

==== luks luksUUID open ====
cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/disk/by-uuid/xxxxx NAME

==== luks Create KeyFile ====
dd if=/dev/urandom of=/root/keyfile bs=1024 count=4
chmod 0400 /root/keyfile
cryptsetup luksAddKey /dev/sdx /root/keyfile

blkid /dev/SDX >> /etc/crypttab
nano /etc/crypttab
sdx_CryptNameMapper UUID=XXXX /root/keyfile luks

bsp.: hd0 UUID=d993b1ed-9b42-46e8-a520-d74737db9684 /root/keyfile luks

nano /etc/fstab
/dev/mapper/sdx_CryptNameMapper /media/xxxx ext4 defualts 0 2
bsp.: /dev/mapper/hd0 /media/hd0 ext4 defaults 0 2

update-initramfs -u

[https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/748191/515538 How to prevent Centos from recovery password in remount - Grub?]

Ssh

2023-06-06T16:30:16Z

Geist: /* SCP file */

ADB

2023-05-23T17:33:17Z

Geist: /* Device Related Commands */

'''$ adb devices'''
'''$ adb root'''
'''$ adb devices -l''' (list devices, product/model)
'''$ adb shell''' (terminal)
'''$ adb help'''
'''$ adb reboot bootloader '''
'''$ adb reboot recovery '''
'''$ adb push [LOCAL] /[DEVICE]/ '''
'''$ adb push -p [LOCAL] /[DEVICE]/ '''

[https://www.automatetheplanet.com/adb-cheat-sheet/ Most Complete ADB Cheat Sheet]

''Maru Set up with PC''
'''$ adb root'''
'''$ adb shell'''
'''$ lxc-start -n default'''

== ADB Basics ==

adb devices (lists connected devices)
adb root (restarts adbd with root permissions)
adb start-server (starts the adb server)
adb kill-server (kills the adb server)
adb reboot (reboots the device)
adb devices -l (list of devices by product/model)
adb shell (starts the backround terminal)
exit (exits the background terminal)
adb help (list all commands)
adb -s <deviceName> <command> (redirect command to specific device)
adb –d <command> (directs command to only attached USB device)
adb –e <command> (directs command to only attached emulator)

== Package Installation ==

adb shell install <apk> (install app)
adb shell install <path> (install app from phone path)
adb shell install -r <path> (install app from phone path)
adb shell uninstall <name> (remove the app)

== Paths ==

/data/data/<package>/databases (app databases)
/data/data/<package>/shared_prefs/ (shared preferences)
/data/app (apk installed by user)
/system/app (pre-installed APK files)
/mmt/asec (encrypted apps) (App2SD)
/mmt/emmc (internal SD Card)
/mmt/adcard (external/Internal SD Card)
/mmt/adcard/external_sd (external SD Card)

adb shell ls (list directory contents)
adb shell ls -s (print size of each file)
adb shell ls -R (list subdirectories recursively)

== File Operations ==

adb push <local> <remote> (copy file/dir to device)
adb pull <remote> <local> (copy file/dir from device)
run-as <package> cat <file> (access the private package files)

== Phone Info ==

adb get-statе (print device state)
adb get-serialno (get the serial number)
adb shell dumpsys iphonesybinfo (get the IMEI)
adb shell netstat (list TCP connectivity)
adb shell pwd (print current working directory)
adb shell dumpsys battery (battery status)
adb shell pm list features (list phone features)
adb shell service list (list all services)
adb shell dumpsys activity <package>/<activity> (activity info)
adb shell ps (print process status)
adb shell wm size (displays the current screen resolution)
dumpsys window windows | grep -E 'mCurrentFocus|mFocusedApp' (print current app's opened activity)

== Package Info ==

adb shell list packages (list package names)
adb shell list packages -r (list package name + path to apks)
adb shell list packages -3 (list third party package names)
adb shell list packages -s (list only system packages)
adb shell list packages -u (list package names + uninstalled)
adb shell dumpsys package packages (list info on all apps)
adb shell dump <name> (list info on one package)
adb shell path <package> (path to the apk file)

== Configure Settings Commands ==

adb shell dumpsys battery set level <n> (change the level from 0 to 100)
adb shell dumpsys battery set status<n> (change the level to unknown, charging, discharging, not charging or full)
adb shell dumpsys battery reset (reset the battery)
adb shell dumpsys battery set usb <n> (change the status of USB connection. ON or OFF)
adb shell wm size WxH (sets the resolution to WxH)

== Device Related Commands ==

adb reboot-recovery (reboot device into recovery mode)
adb reboot fastboot (reboot device into recovery mode)
adb shell screencap -p "/path/to/screenshot.png" (capture screenshot)
adb shell screenrecord "/path/to/record.mp4" (record device screen)
adb backup -apk -all -f backup.ab (backup settings and apps)
adb backup -apk -shared -all -f backup.ab (backup settings, apps and shared storage)
adb backup -apk -nosystem -all -f backup.ab (backup only non-system apps)
adb restore backup.ab (restore a previous backup)

adb shell am start|startservice|broadcast <INTENT>[<COMPONENT>]
-a <ACTION> e.g. android.intent.action.VIEW
-c <CATEGORY> e.g. android.intent.category.LAUNCHER (start activity intent)

adb shell am start -a android.intent.action.VIEW -d URL (open URL)
adb shell am start -t image/* -a android.intent.action.VIEW (opens gallery)

== Logs ==

adb logcat [options] [filter] [filter] (view device log)
adb bugreport (print bug reports)

== Permissions ==

adb shell permissions groups (list permission groups definitions)
adb shell list permissions -g -r (list permissions details)

ADB

2023-05-23T17:32:59Z

Geist: /* Device Related Commands */

'''$ adb devices'''
'''$ adb root'''
'''$ adb devices -l''' (list devices, product/model)
'''$ adb shell''' (terminal)
'''$ adb help'''
'''$ adb reboot bootloader '''
'''$ adb reboot recovery '''
'''$ adb push [LOCAL] /[DEVICE]/ '''
'''$ adb push -p [LOCAL] /[DEVICE]/ '''

[https://www.automatetheplanet.com/adb-cheat-sheet/ Most Complete ADB Cheat Sheet]

''Maru Set up with PC''
'''$ adb root'''
'''$ adb shell'''
'''$ lxc-start -n default'''

== ADB Basics ==

adb devices (lists connected devices)
adb root (restarts adbd with root permissions)
adb start-server (starts the adb server)
adb kill-server (kills the adb server)
adb reboot (reboots the device)
adb devices -l (list of devices by product/model)
adb shell (starts the backround terminal)
exit (exits the background terminal)
adb help (list all commands)
adb -s <deviceName> <command> (redirect command to specific device)
adb –d <command> (directs command to only attached USB device)
adb –e <command> (directs command to only attached emulator)

== Package Installation ==

adb shell install <apk> (install app)
adb shell install <path> (install app from phone path)
adb shell install -r <path> (install app from phone path)
adb shell uninstall <name> (remove the app)

== Paths ==

/data/data/<package>/databases (app databases)
/data/data/<package>/shared_prefs/ (shared preferences)
/data/app (apk installed by user)
/system/app (pre-installed APK files)
/mmt/asec (encrypted apps) (App2SD)
/mmt/emmc (internal SD Card)
/mmt/adcard (external/Internal SD Card)
/mmt/adcard/external_sd (external SD Card)

adb shell ls (list directory contents)
adb shell ls -s (print size of each file)
adb shell ls -R (list subdirectories recursively)

== File Operations ==

adb push <local> <remote> (copy file/dir to device)
adb pull <remote> <local> (copy file/dir from device)
run-as <package> cat <file> (access the private package files)

== Phone Info ==

adb get-statе (print device state)
adb get-serialno (get the serial number)
adb shell dumpsys iphonesybinfo (get the IMEI)
adb shell netstat (list TCP connectivity)
adb shell pwd (print current working directory)
adb shell dumpsys battery (battery status)
adb shell pm list features (list phone features)
adb shell service list (list all services)
adb shell dumpsys activity <package>/<activity> (activity info)
adb shell ps (print process status)
adb shell wm size (displays the current screen resolution)
dumpsys window windows | grep -E 'mCurrentFocus|mFocusedApp' (print current app's opened activity)

== Package Info ==

adb shell list packages (list package names)
adb shell list packages -r (list package name + path to apks)
adb shell list packages -3 (list third party package names)
adb shell list packages -s (list only system packages)
adb shell list packages -u (list package names + uninstalled)
adb shell dumpsys package packages (list info on all apps)
adb shell dump <name> (list info on one package)
adb shell path <package> (path to the apk file)

== Configure Settings Commands ==

adb shell dumpsys battery set level <n> (change the level from 0 to 100)
adb shell dumpsys battery set status<n> (change the level to unknown, charging, discharging, not charging or full)
adb shell dumpsys battery reset (reset the battery)
adb shell dumpsys battery set usb <n> (change the status of USB connection. ON or OFF)
adb shell wm size WxH (sets the resolution to WxH)

== Device Related Commands ==

adb reboot-recovery (reboot device into recovery mode)
adb reboot fastboot (reboot device into recovery mode)
adb shell screencap -p "/path/to/screenshot.png" (capture screenshot)
adb shell screenrecord "/path/to/record.mp4" (record device screen)
adb backup -apk -all -f backup.ab (backup settings and apps)
adb backup -apk -shared -all -f backup.ab (backup settings, apps and shared storage)
adb backup -apk -nosystem -all -f backup.ab (backup only non-system apps)
adb restore backup.ab (restore a previous backup)
adb shell am start|startservice|broadcast <INTENT>[<COMPONENT>]
-a <ACTION> e.g. android.intent.action.VIEW
-c <CATEGORY> e.g. android.intent.category.LAUNCHER (start activity intent)

adb shell am start -a android.intent.action.VIEW -d URL (open URL)
adb shell am start -t image/* -a android.intent.action.VIEW (opens gallery)

== Logs ==

adb logcat [options] [filter] [filter] (view device log)
adb bugreport (print bug reports)

== Permissions ==

adb shell permissions groups (list permission groups definitions)
adb shell list permissions -g -r (list permissions details)

ADB

2023-05-23T17:32:05Z

Geist: /* ADB Basics */

'''$ adb devices'''
'''$ adb root'''
'''$ adb devices -l''' (list devices, product/model)
'''$ adb shell''' (terminal)
'''$ adb help'''
'''$ adb reboot bootloader '''
'''$ adb reboot recovery '''
'''$ adb push [LOCAL] /[DEVICE]/ '''
'''$ adb push -p [LOCAL] /[DEVICE]/ '''

[https://www.automatetheplanet.com/adb-cheat-sheet/ Most Complete ADB Cheat Sheet]

''Maru Set up with PC''
'''$ adb root'''
'''$ adb shell'''
'''$ lxc-start -n default'''

== ADB Basics ==

adb devices (lists connected devices)
adb root (restarts adbd with root permissions)
adb start-server (starts the adb server)
adb kill-server (kills the adb server)
adb reboot (reboots the device)
adb devices -l (list of devices by product/model)
adb shell (starts the backround terminal)
exit (exits the background terminal)
adb help (list all commands)
adb -s <deviceName> <command> (redirect command to specific device)
adb –d <command> (directs command to only attached USB device)
adb –e <command> (directs command to only attached emulator)

== Package Installation ==

adb shell install <apk> (install app)
adb shell install <path> (install app from phone path)
adb shell install -r <path> (install app from phone path)
adb shell uninstall <name> (remove the app)

== Paths ==

/data/data/<package>/databases (app databases)
/data/data/<package>/shared_prefs/ (shared preferences)
/data/app (apk installed by user)
/system/app (pre-installed APK files)
/mmt/asec (encrypted apps) (App2SD)
/mmt/emmc (internal SD Card)
/mmt/adcard (external/Internal SD Card)
/mmt/adcard/external_sd (external SD Card)

adb shell ls (list directory contents)
adb shell ls -s (print size of each file)
adb shell ls -R (list subdirectories recursively)

== File Operations ==

adb push <local> <remote> (copy file/dir to device)
adb pull <remote> <local> (copy file/dir from device)
run-as <package> cat <file> (access the private package files)

== Phone Info ==

adb get-statе (print device state)
adb get-serialno (get the serial number)
adb shell dumpsys iphonesybinfo (get the IMEI)
adb shell netstat (list TCP connectivity)
adb shell pwd (print current working directory)
adb shell dumpsys battery (battery status)
adb shell pm list features (list phone features)
adb shell service list (list all services)
adb shell dumpsys activity <package>/<activity> (activity info)
adb shell ps (print process status)
adb shell wm size (displays the current screen resolution)
dumpsys window windows | grep -E 'mCurrentFocus|mFocusedApp' (print current app's opened activity)

== Package Info ==

adb shell list packages (list package names)
adb shell list packages -r (list package name + path to apks)
adb shell list packages -3 (list third party package names)
adb shell list packages -s (list only system packages)
adb shell list packages -u (list package names + uninstalled)
adb shell dumpsys package packages (list info on all apps)
adb shell dump <name> (list info on one package)
adb shell path <package> (path to the apk file)

== Configure Settings Commands ==

adb shell dumpsys battery set level <n> (change the level from 0 to 100)
adb shell dumpsys battery set status<n> (change the level to unknown, charging, discharging, not charging or full)
adb shell dumpsys battery reset (reset the battery)
adb shell dumpsys battery set usb <n> (change the status of USB connection. ON or OFF)
adb shell wm size WxH (sets the resolution to WxH)

== Device Related Commands ==

adb reboot-recovery (reboot device into recovery mode)
adb reboot fastboot (reboot device into recovery mode)
adb shell screencap -p "/path/to/screenshot.png" (capture screenshot)
adb shell screenrecord "/path/to/record.mp4" (record device screen)
adb backup -apk -all -f backup.ab (backup settings and apps)
adb backup -apk -shared -all -f backup.ab (backup settings, apps and shared storage)
adb backup -apk -nosystem -all -f backup.ab (backup only non-system apps)
adb restore backup.ab (restore a previous backup)
adb shell am start|startservice|broadcast <INTENT>[<COMPONENT>]
-a <ACTION> e.g. android.intent.action.VIEW
-c <CATEGORY> e.g. android.intent.category.LAUNCHER (start activity intent)

adb shell am start -a android.intent.action.VIEW -d URL (open URL)
adb shell am start -t image/* -a android.intent.action.VIEW (opens gallery)

== Logs ==

adb logcat [options] [filter] [filter] (view device log)
adb bugreport (print bug reports)

== Permissions ==

adb shell permissions groups (list permission groups definitions)
adb shell list permissions -g -r (list permissions details)

ADB

2023-05-23T17:29:40Z

Geist:

'''$ adb devices'''
'''$ adb root'''
'''$ adb devices -l''' (list devices, product/model)
'''$ adb shell''' (terminal)
'''$ adb help'''
'''$ adb reboot bootloader '''
'''$ adb reboot recovery '''
'''$ adb push [LOCAL] /[DEVICE]/ '''
'''$ adb push -p [LOCAL] /[DEVICE]/ '''

[https://www.automatetheplanet.com/adb-cheat-sheet/ Most Complete ADB Cheat Sheet]

''Maru Set up with PC''
'''$ adb root'''
'''$ adb shell'''
'''$ lxc-start -n default'''

== ADB Basics ==

adb devices (lists connected devices)
adb root (restarts adbd with root permissions)
adb start-server (starts the adb server)
adb kill-server (kills the adb server)
adb reboot (reboots the device)
adb devices -l (list of devices by product/model)
adb shell (starts the backround terminal)
exit (exits the background terminal)
adb help (list all commands)
adb -s <deviceName> <command> (redirect command to specific device)
adb –d <command> (directs command to only attached USB device)
adb –e <command> (directs command to only attached emulator)
Package Installation

adb shell install <apk> (install app)
adb shell install <path> (install app from phone path)
adb shell install -r <path> (install app from phone path)
adb shell uninstall <name> (remove the app)
Paths

/data/data/<package>/databases (app databases)
/data/data/<package>/shared_prefs/ (shared preferences)
/data/app (apk installed by user)
/system/app (pre-installed APK files)
/mmt/asec (encrypted apps) (App2SD)
/mmt/emmc (internal SD Card)
/mmt/adcard (external/Internal SD Card)
/mmt/adcard/external_sd (external SD Card)

adb shell ls (list directory contents)
adb shell ls -s (print size of each file)
adb shell ls -R (list subdirectories recursively)
File Operations

adb push <local> <remote> (copy file/dir to device)
adb pull <remote> <local> (copy file/dir from device)
run-as <package> cat <file> (access the private package files)
Phone Info

adb get-statе (print device state)
adb get-serialno (get the serial number)
adb shell dumpsys iphonesybinfo (get the IMEI)
adb shell netstat (list TCP connectivity)
adb shell pwd (print current working directory)
adb shell dumpsys battery (battery status)
adb shell pm list features (list phone features)
adb shell service list (list all services)
adb shell dumpsys activity <package>/<activity> (activity info)
adb shell ps (print process status)
adb shell wm size (displays the current screen resolution)
dumpsys window windows | grep -E 'mCurrentFocus|mFocusedApp' (print current app's opened activity)
Package Info

adb shell list packages (list package names)
adb shell list packages -r (list package name + path to apks)
adb shell list packages -3 (list third party package names)
adb shell list packages -s (list only system packages)
adb shell list packages -u (list package names + uninstalled)
adb shell dumpsys package packages (list info on all apps)
adb shell dump <name> (list info on one package)
adb shell path <package> (path to the apk file)
Configure Settings Commands

adb shell dumpsys battery set level <n> (change the level from 0 to 100)
adb shell dumpsys battery set status<n> (change the level to unknown, charging, discharging, not charging or full)
adb shell dumpsys battery reset (reset the battery)
adb shell dumpsys battery set usb <n> (change the status of USB connection. ON or OFF)
adb shell wm size WxH (sets the resolution to WxH)
Device Related Commands

adb reboot-recovery (reboot device into recovery mode)
adb reboot fastboot (reboot device into recovery mode)
adb shell screencap -p "/path/to/screenshot.png" (capture screenshot)
adb shell screenrecord "/path/to/record.mp4" (record device screen)
adb backup -apk -all -f backup.ab (backup settings and apps)
adb backup -apk -shared -all -f backup.ab (backup settings, apps and shared storage)
adb backup -apk -nosystem -all -f backup.ab (backup only non-system apps)
adb restore backup.ab (restore a previous backup)
adb shell am start|startservice|broadcast <INTENT>[<COMPONENT>]
-a <ACTION> e.g. android.intent.action.VIEW
-c <CATEGORY> e.g. android.intent.category.LAUNCHER (start activity intent)

adb shell am start -a android.intent.action.VIEW -d URL (open URL)
adb shell am start -t image/* -a android.intent.action.VIEW (opens gallery)
Logs

adb logcat [options] [filter] [filter] (view device log)
adb bugreport (print bug reports)
Permissions

adb shell permissions groups (list permission groups definitions)
adb shell list permissions -g -r (list permissions details)

2023-05-03T07:27:48Z

Geist: /* Create/Add new USER useradd */

== Script ==
'''$ type script'''
'''$ chmod +x script'''
'''$ ./script'''
'''$ .script'''
'''$ source script'''
'''$ bash script'''

#!/bin/bash

== Command Line ==
'''Everything is a file'''
'''255 Byte'''
The maximum length for a file name is 255 bytes.
The maximum combined length of both the file name and path name is 4096 bytes.
This length matches the PATH_MAX that is supported by the operating system.
'''Names are case-sensitive'''

==== Special chars to avoid in names/filenames ====
/ Never
\ Escaped
- Never at beginning
[] Escaped
{} Escaped
* Escaped
' Escaped
" Escaped

==== Wildcards ====
'''*''' asterisk | any char
'''?''' question mark | single char
'''[]''' square brackets | set of single char or a range of chars

==== List files and folders ====
'''$ ls'''
'''$ ls folder'''
'''$ ls ./folder'''
'''$ ls /path/folder'''
'''$ ls ~/folder'''
'''$ ls ~/folder/*.jpg'''
'''$ ls ~/folder/*txt*'''
'''$ ls -R folder''' (list of subfolders)

'''$ ls -l''' (single column)
'''-''' regular file
'''_''' executable
'''d''' directory
'''l''' symbolic link
'''s''' socket
'''b''' block device
'''c''' character device
'''p''' named pipe

'''$ ls -m''' (comma-separated list)
'''$ ls -a''' (hidden files and folders)

'''$ ls -F''' (file type)
Symbols and file types
'''*''' Executable
'''/''' Directory
'''@''' Symbolic link
'''|''' FIFO
'''=''' Socket

'''$ ls --color (content in color)'''
'''$ dircolors'''
'''$ dircolors --print-database'''
'''$ ls -F --color'''
'''$ la -la'''
'''$ ls -r'''
'''$ ls -X''' (sort by extension)
'''$ ls -t''' (sort by date)
'''$ ls -S''' (sort by content)
'''$ ls -h'''
'''$ ls -laS'''
'''$ ls -h'''

'''$ pwd''' (current path)

==== Change directory with '''cd'''====
'''$ cd folder'''
'''$ cd ~'''
'''$ cd -'''
'''$ cd ..'''

==== Create and change current time of file '''touch'''====
create new, empty file
'''$ touch file'''

update access and modification time for file
'''$ touch file'''

any desired time for file
'''$ touch -t [[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.ss]file'''

==== Create directory with '''mkdir'''====
new directory
'''$ mkdir folder'''

create directory with subdirectories
'''$ mkdir -p test/sub/folder'''

create directory and show steps
'''$ mkdir -v test/sub/folder'''
'''$ mkdir -pv test/sub/folder'''

== Count files and directories, summary size and '''EXCLUDE''' folders ==
'''[https://unix.stackexchange.com/q/691703/515538 '''bash count files and directory, summary size and EXCLUDE folders that are fuse|sshfs''']'''

==== Full size of a folder with '''du'''====
get the full size of workdir | no fuse/sshfs in use
'''$ du -hs workdir'''

get the full size of workdir, excluding mysshfs | fuse/sshfs in use
'''$ du -hs --exclude=mysshf workdir'''

==== Count files in folder with '''find'''====
count files in workdir | no fuse/sshfs in use
'''$ find workdir -type f | wc -l'''

count files in workdir, excluding mysshfs | no fuse/sshfs in use
'''$ find workdir -type f -not -path "*mysshfs*" | wc -l'''

count files in workdir, excluding mysshfs | fuse/sshfs in use
'''$ find workdir -path "*/mysshfs/*" -prune -o $ -type f -print $ | wc -l'''

==== Count folders in folder with '''find'''====
count folders in workdir | no fuse/sshfs in use
'''$ find workdir -type d | wc -l'''

count folders in workdir, excluding mysshfs | no fuse/sshfs in use
'''$ find workdir -type d -not -path "*mysshfs*" | wc -l'''

count folders in workdir, excluding mysshfs | fuse/sshfs in use
'''$ find workdir -path "*/mysshfs/*" -prune $ -type d -print $ | wc -l'''

== Building blocks ==

==== run several commands sequentially with ''';''' and '''&&''' ====
executed sequential no matter if successfully or unsucessfully
''';'''
'''$ ls /home ; ls notfound; ls ~'''

executed sequential if successfully run next
'''&&'''
'''$ ls /home && ls notfound && ls ~'''

== PORT SCAN with bash's built-in /dev/tcp ==
'''check if host response on a give port with bash's built-in /dev/tcp'''

'''#!/bin/bash
HOST_NAME="127.1"
HOST_PORT="80"
if ( (exec 3<>/dev/tcp/${HOST_NAME}/${HOST_PORT}) 2> /dev/null); then
echo -e "PORT: ${HOST_PORT} | ON"
else
echo -e "PORT: ${HOST_PORT} | OF"
fi
exit; '''

'''#!/bin/bash
HOST_NAME="127.1"
for HOST_PORT in {1..1000}
do
if ( (exec 3<>/dev/tcp/${HOST_NAME}/${HOST_PORT}) 2> /dev/null); then
echo -e "PORT: ${HOST_PORT} | ON"
else
echo -e "PORT: ${HOST_PORT} | OF"
fi
done
exit;'''

'''#!/bin/bash
HOST_NAME="127.1"
declare -A PORT_ON
for HOST_PORT in {1..65535}
do
if ( (exec 3<>/dev/tcp/${HOST_NAME}/${HOST_PORT}) 2> /dev/null); then
PORT_ON[${HOST_PORT}]="ON"
fi
done
for i in ${!PORT_ON[*]}
do
echo -e "$i : ${PORT_ON[$i]}"
done
exit;'''

== watch ==

'''$ watch -t -n 0.1 "grep \"^[c]pu MHz\" /proc/cpuinfo"'''
'''$ watch -t -n 0.1 "grep \"^[c]pu MHz\" /proc/cpuinfo && free -m"'''

== Firefox bash output ==

For the usage in bash:
'''$ watch -n 1 "ps aux | grep [f]irefox"'''
'''$ watch -n 0.1 "ps aux | grep [f]irefox"'''
'''$ watch -n 1 "ps aux | grep [f]irefox && free -m"'''
'''$ watch -n 0.1 "ps aux | grep /usr/lib/firefox-esr/firefox"'''
'''$ watch -n 0.1 "ps aux | grep /usr/lib/firefox-esr/firefox && free -m"'''
'''$ watch -d -n 0.1 "ps aux | grep [f]irefox"'''

Load a page and press F5 in the tab(again and again or hold the F5 button pressed) and watch
When i kill the a tab with the right pid i get the message in the tab, that the tab is crashed now

''' In Firefox, about:performance'''

But check also this in bash if i close or open and load a page tab:
'''$ pidof firefox'''
'''$ pidof firefox-esr'''
'''$ pgrep firefox get the main/parentid of one or "n" profiles'''
'''$ pgrep firefox-esr get the main/parentid of one or "n" profiles'''

Get parentid and childid
'''$ ps aux | grep [f]irefox'''
'''$ ps aux | grep [f]irefox | grep tab'''

You see the parentBuildID and something of the child/tab
It looks like that you can't close the child/tab only the parentBuildID, if you kill the child/tab the tab will crash but not close(but killed).

'''$ ps -ef | grep [f]irefox | wc -l'''
'''$ ps -ef | grep [f]irefox | grep tab | wc -l'''

== Create Symbolic Links ==
[https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/ln.1.html ln|Linux manual page]
''Symlink To a File''
'''$ ln -s [OPTIONS] TARGET LINKNAME'''
'''$ ln -s TARGET LINK_NAME'''

''Symlinks To a Directory''
'''$ ln -s /mnt/my_drive/movies ~/my_movies '''

''Overwriting Symlinks''
''To overwrite the destination path of the symlink, use the -f (--force) option''
'''$ ln -sf my_file.txt my_link.txt'''

''Removing Symlinks ''
'''$ unlink symlink_to_remove'''
'''$ rm symlink_to_remove'''

== List harddisk|usb|volume|partitions ==
''Get label names:''
'''$ e2label /dev/sdXx '''
'''$ /sbin/blkid | grep sdXx''''
'''$ blkid /dev/sdXx | awk -F'"' '{print $2}''''

''Set label name:''
'''$ e2label /dev/sdXx MYNAME'''
'''$ tune2fs -L MYNAME /dev/sdXx '''

== Create filesystem with '''mkfs.ext4''' ==
'''$ mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1 -L MYNAME'''

== Create/Add new USER '''useradd'''==
Useradd is built-in Linux command that can be found on any Linux system. However, creating new users with this low-level is a tedious task because it doesn't create the home directory and user password by default.

Adduser is not a standard Linux command. It’s essentially a Perl script that uses the useradd command in the background. This high-level utility is more efficient in properly creating new users on Linux. It gives you the option to create the home directory, and set password along with a few more parameters.

[https://linuxhandbook.com/useradd-vs-adduser/ Difference between adduser and useradd commands]
[https://linuxconfig.org/add-user-linux-command adduser vs useradd in Linux]

'''$ useradd [OPTIONS] USERNAME'''

'''$ cat /etc/default/useradd'''
'''$ ls -la /etc/skel/'''
'''$ cat /etc/login.defs'''

View default options:
'''$ useradd -D '''

Change the default login shell
'''$ useradd -D -s /bin/bash '''
'''$ useradd -D | grep -i shell '''

To create a user without home directory
'''$ useradd -M user '''

Create a user with changed login shell
'''$ useradd -s /bin/sh user '''

Option to create a user home directory
'''--create-home'''
'''-m '''

'''$ /sbin/useradd -m -u 10000 USERNAME -s /bin/bash '''

There is an option for adding an encrypted password via the '''-p''' option on useradd
Note that the '''-p''' option '''doesn't allow you to input a plaintext password''', it expects you to encrypt it first.
This is intentionally difficult, because you should not do it!
Just use the '''passwd''' command or '''chpasswd'''

'''passwd USER'''
or
'''echo USER:NEWPASSWORD | /sbin/chpasswd'''

[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2150882/how-to-automatically-add-user-account-and-password-with-a-bash-script How to automatically add user account AND password with a Bash script?]

'''$ /sbin/useradd -ms /bin/bash USER'''
Create USER + Homedirectory + Bash as Shell

USER+HOME+SHELL+PASSWORD
'''$ /sbin/useradd -ms /bin/bash USER && echo USER:NEWPASSWORD | /sbin/chpasswd'''

== '''GROUP, USER | GROUP VS PASSWD''' ==

https://teaching.idallen.com/cst8207/12f/notes/600_users_and_groups.html

https://www.unix.com/unix-for-dummies-questions-and-answers/162563-inconsistency-between-passwd-group.html

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/55107/why-dont-etc-group-and-etc-password-match

https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/initgroups.3.html

== Delete USER '''userdel'''==
'''$ userdel [OPTIONS] USERNAME '''

Use the -r (--remove) option to force userdel to remove the user’s home directory and mail spool:
'''$ userdel -r username '''

Kill all user’s running processes
'''$ killall -u username '''

Another option is to use the -f (--force) option that tells userdel to forcefully remove the user account, even if the user is still logged in or if there are running processes that belong to the user.
'''$ userdel -f username '''

[https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-delete-users-in-linux-using-the-userdel-command/ How to Delete/Remove Users in Linux (userdel Command)]

== rbash | Restricted Bash ==
'''$ rbash '''
'''$ bash -r'''

https://www.tecmint.com/rbash-a-restricted-bash-shell-explained-with-practical-examples/
https://www.thegeekdiary.com/rbash-set-restricted-shell-in-linux/

https://www.howtogeek.com/718074/how-to-use-restricted-shell-to-limit-what-a-linux-user-cando/
https://ostechnix.com/how-to-limit-users-access-to-the-linux-system/
https://averagelinuxuser.com/creating-new-user-linux/
https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-create-users-in-linux-using-the-useradd-command/
https://www.howtoforge.com/user_password_creating_with_a_bash_script

== Simple Script Jail ==

This is are the default settings for the USER to login and run a bash shell:
'''$ chsh -s /bin/bash [USER] '''

This for the simple jail:
'''$ chsh -s /home/[USER]/./run [USER] '''

== Disable history ==

https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-disable-bash-shell-commands-history-on-linux
https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/disable-bash-shell-history-linux/
https://www.thegeeksearch.com/how-to-disable-and-clear-linux-command-line-history/

== Disable LASTLOGIN ==
'''$ touch /home/user/.hushlogin'''

https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-disable-last-login-message-on-rhel-linux
https://www.heatware.net/linux-unix/linux-how-to-disable-last-login-welcome-message/

== type | command check ==

Check whether a command is built-in or not
'''$ type [COMMAND]'''

== RANDOM NUMBERS ==
'''$ echo $RANDOM'''
'''$ echo $(( $RANDOM % 9 + 0 ))'''

'''$ echo $(shuf -i 0-9 -n1)'''

'''$ od /dev/urandom -A n -t d -N 1 '''

https://linuxhint.com/generate-random-number-bash/
https://linuxconfig.org/generating-random-numbers-in-bash-with-examples
https://www.delftstack.com/howto/linux/random-number-generation-in-bash/

== RANDOM STRINGS ==
'''$ echo $RANDOM | md5sum | head -c 1; echo; '''
'''$ tr -dc A-Za-z0-9 </dev/urandom | head -c 1 ; echo ' ' '''

https://gist.github.com/earthgecko/3089509

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/230673/how-to-generate-a-random-string
https://linuxhint.com/generate-random-string-bash/
https://www.saotn.org/bash-function-to-generate-a-random-alphanumeric-string/

https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/709895/515538

Bash

2023-05-03T07:27:20Z

Geist: /* Create/Add new USER useradd */

== Script ==
'''$ type script'''
'''$ chmod +x script'''
'''$ ./script'''
'''$ .script'''
'''$ source script'''
'''$ bash script'''

#!/bin/bash

== Command Line ==
'''Everything is a file'''
'''255 Byte'''
The maximum length for a file name is 255 bytes.
The maximum combined length of both the file name and path name is 4096 bytes.
This length matches the PATH_MAX that is supported by the operating system.
'''Names are case-sensitive'''

==== Special chars to avoid in names/filenames ====
/ Never
\ Escaped
- Never at beginning
[] Escaped
{} Escaped
* Escaped
' Escaped
" Escaped

==== Wildcards ====
'''*''' asterisk | any char
'''?''' question mark | single char
'''[]''' square brackets | set of single char or a range of chars

==== List files and folders ====
'''$ ls'''
'''$ ls folder'''
'''$ ls ./folder'''
'''$ ls /path/folder'''
'''$ ls ~/folder'''
'''$ ls ~/folder/*.jpg'''
'''$ ls ~/folder/*txt*'''
'''$ ls -R folder''' (list of subfolders)

'''$ ls -l''' (single column)
'''-''' regular file
'''_''' executable
'''d''' directory
'''l''' symbolic link
'''s''' socket
'''b''' block device
'''c''' character device
'''p''' named pipe

'''$ ls -m''' (comma-separated list)
'''$ ls -a''' (hidden files and folders)

'''$ ls -F''' (file type)
Symbols and file types
'''*''' Executable
'''/''' Directory
'''@''' Symbolic link
'''|''' FIFO
'''=''' Socket

'''$ ls --color (content in color)'''
'''$ dircolors'''
'''$ dircolors --print-database'''
'''$ ls -F --color'''
'''$ la -la'''
'''$ ls -r'''
'''$ ls -X''' (sort by extension)
'''$ ls -t''' (sort by date)
'''$ ls -S''' (sort by content)
'''$ ls -h'''
'''$ ls -laS'''
'''$ ls -h'''

'''$ pwd''' (current path)

==== Change directory with '''cd'''====
'''$ cd folder'''
'''$ cd ~'''
'''$ cd -'''
'''$ cd ..'''

==== Create and change current time of file '''touch'''====
create new, empty file
'''$ touch file'''

update access and modification time for file
'''$ touch file'''

any desired time for file
'''$ touch -t [[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.ss]file'''

==== Create directory with '''mkdir'''====
new directory
'''$ mkdir folder'''

create directory with subdirectories
'''$ mkdir -p test/sub/folder'''

create directory and show steps
'''$ mkdir -v test/sub/folder'''
'''$ mkdir -pv test/sub/folder'''

== Count files and directories, summary size and '''EXCLUDE''' folders ==
'''[https://unix.stackexchange.com/q/691703/515538 '''bash count files and directory, summary size and EXCLUDE folders that are fuse|sshfs''']'''

==== Full size of a folder with '''du'''====
get the full size of workdir | no fuse/sshfs in use
'''$ du -hs workdir'''

get the full size of workdir, excluding mysshfs | fuse/sshfs in use
'''$ du -hs --exclude=mysshf workdir'''

==== Count files in folder with '''find'''====
count files in workdir | no fuse/sshfs in use
'''$ find workdir -type f | wc -l'''

count files in workdir, excluding mysshfs | no fuse/sshfs in use
'''$ find workdir -type f -not -path "*mysshfs*" | wc -l'''

count files in workdir, excluding mysshfs | fuse/sshfs in use
'''$ find workdir -path "*/mysshfs/*" -prune -o $ -type f -print $ | wc -l'''

==== Count folders in folder with '''find'''====
count folders in workdir | no fuse/sshfs in use
'''$ find workdir -type d | wc -l'''

count folders in workdir, excluding mysshfs | no fuse/sshfs in use
'''$ find workdir -type d -not -path "*mysshfs*" | wc -l'''

count folders in workdir, excluding mysshfs | fuse/sshfs in use
'''$ find workdir -path "*/mysshfs/*" -prune $ -type d -print $ | wc -l'''

== Building blocks ==

==== run several commands sequentially with ''';''' and '''&&''' ====
executed sequential no matter if successfully or unsucessfully
''';'''
'''$ ls /home ; ls notfound; ls ~'''

executed sequential if successfully run next
'''&&'''
'''$ ls /home && ls notfound && ls ~'''

== PORT SCAN with bash's built-in /dev/tcp ==
'''check if host response on a give port with bash's built-in /dev/tcp'''

'''#!/bin/bash
HOST_NAME="127.1"
HOST_PORT="80"
if ( (exec 3<>/dev/tcp/${HOST_NAME}/${HOST_PORT}) 2> /dev/null); then
echo -e "PORT: ${HOST_PORT} | ON"
else
echo -e "PORT: ${HOST_PORT} | OF"
fi
exit; '''

'''#!/bin/bash
HOST_NAME="127.1"
for HOST_PORT in {1..1000}
do
if ( (exec 3<>/dev/tcp/${HOST_NAME}/${HOST_PORT}) 2> /dev/null); then
echo -e "PORT: ${HOST_PORT} | ON"
else
echo -e "PORT: ${HOST_PORT} | OF"
fi
done
exit;'''

'''#!/bin/bash
HOST_NAME="127.1"
declare -A PORT_ON
for HOST_PORT in {1..65535}
do
if ( (exec 3<>/dev/tcp/${HOST_NAME}/${HOST_PORT}) 2> /dev/null); then
PORT_ON[${HOST_PORT}]="ON"
fi
done
for i in ${!PORT_ON[*]}
do
echo -e "$i : ${PORT_ON[$i]}"
done
exit;'''

== watch ==

'''$ watch -t -n 0.1 "grep \"^[c]pu MHz\" /proc/cpuinfo"'''
'''$ watch -t -n 0.1 "grep \"^[c]pu MHz\" /proc/cpuinfo && free -m"'''

== Firefox bash output ==

For the usage in bash:
'''$ watch -n 1 "ps aux | grep [f]irefox"'''
'''$ watch -n 0.1 "ps aux | grep [f]irefox"'''
'''$ watch -n 1 "ps aux | grep [f]irefox && free -m"'''
'''$ watch -n 0.1 "ps aux | grep /usr/lib/firefox-esr/firefox"'''
'''$ watch -n 0.1 "ps aux | grep /usr/lib/firefox-esr/firefox && free -m"'''
'''$ watch -d -n 0.1 "ps aux | grep [f]irefox"'''

Load a page and press F5 in the tab(again and again or hold the F5 button pressed) and watch
When i kill the a tab with the right pid i get the message in the tab, that the tab is crashed now

''' In Firefox, about:performance'''

But check also this in bash if i close or open and load a page tab:
'''$ pidof firefox'''
'''$ pidof firefox-esr'''
'''$ pgrep firefox get the main/parentid of one or "n" profiles'''
'''$ pgrep firefox-esr get the main/parentid of one or "n" profiles'''

Get parentid and childid
'''$ ps aux | grep [f]irefox'''
'''$ ps aux | grep [f]irefox | grep tab'''

You see the parentBuildID and something of the child/tab
It looks like that you can't close the child/tab only the parentBuildID, if you kill the child/tab the tab will crash but not close(but killed).

'''$ ps -ef | grep [f]irefox | wc -l'''
'''$ ps -ef | grep [f]irefox | grep tab | wc -l'''

== Create Symbolic Links ==
[https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/ln.1.html ln|Linux manual page]
''Symlink To a File''
'''$ ln -s [OPTIONS] TARGET LINKNAME'''
'''$ ln -s TARGET LINK_NAME'''

''Symlinks To a Directory''
'''$ ln -s /mnt/my_drive/movies ~/my_movies '''

''Overwriting Symlinks''
''To overwrite the destination path of the symlink, use the -f (--force) option''
'''$ ln -sf my_file.txt my_link.txt'''

''Removing Symlinks ''
'''$ unlink symlink_to_remove'''
'''$ rm symlink_to_remove'''

== List harddisk|usb|volume|partitions ==
''Get label names:''
'''$ e2label /dev/sdXx '''
'''$ /sbin/blkid | grep sdXx''''
'''$ blkid /dev/sdXx | awk -F'"' '{print $2}''''

''Set label name:''
'''$ e2label /dev/sdXx MYNAME'''
'''$ tune2fs -L MYNAME /dev/sdXx '''

== Create filesystem with '''mkfs.ext4''' ==
'''$ mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1 -L MYNAME'''

== Create/Add new USER '''useradd'''==
Useradd is built-in Linux command that can be found on any Linux system. However, creating new users with this low-level is a tedious task because it doesn't create the home directory and user password by default.

Adduser is not a standard Linux command. It’s essentially a Perl script that uses the useradd command in the background. This high-level utility is more efficient in properly creating new users on Linux. It gives you the option to create the home directory, and set password along with a few more parameters.

[https://linuxhandbook.com/useradd-vs-adduser/ Difference between adduser and useradd commands]
[https://linuxconfig.org/add-user-linux-command adduser vs useradd in Linux]

'''$ useradd [OPTIONS] USERNAME'''

'''$ cat /etc/default/useradd'''
'''$ ls -la /etc/skel/'''
'''$ cat /etc/login.defs'''

View default options:
'''$ useradd -D '''

Change the default login shell
'''$ useradd -D -s /bin/bash '''
'''$ useradd -D | grep -i shell '''

To create a user without home directory
'''$ useradd -M user '''

Create a user with changed login shell
'''$ useradd -s /bin/sh user '''

Option to create a user home directory
'''--create-home'''
'''-m '''

'''$ /sbin/useradd -m -u 10000 USERNAME -s /bin/bash '''

There is an option for adding an encrypted password via the '''-p''' option on useradd
Note that the '''-p''' option '''doesn't allow you to input a plaintext password''', it expects you to encrypt it first.
This is intentionally difficult, because you should not do it!
Just use the '''passwd''' command or '''chpasswd'''

'''passwd USER'''
or
'''echo USER:NEWPASSWORD | /sbin/chpasswd'''

[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2150882/how-to-automatically-add-user-account-and-password-with-a-bash-script How to automatically add user account AND password with a Bash script?]

'''$ /sbin/useradd -ms /bin/bash USER'''
Create USER + Homedirectory + Bash as Shell

USER+HOME+SHELL+PASSWORD
'''$ /sbin/useradd -ms /bin/bash USER && echo USER:NEWPASSWORD | /sbin/chpasswd'''

'''GROUP, USER | GROUP VS PASSWD'''
https://teaching.idallen.com/cst8207/12f/notes/600_users_and_groups.html
https://www.unix.com/unix-for-dummies-questions-and-answers/162563-inconsistency-between-passwd-group.html
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/55107/why-dont-etc-group-and-etc-password-match
https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/initgroups.3.html

== Delete USER '''userdel'''==
'''$ userdel [OPTIONS] USERNAME '''

Use the -r (--remove) option to force userdel to remove the user’s home directory and mail spool:
'''$ userdel -r username '''

Kill all user’s running processes
'''$ killall -u username '''

Another option is to use the -f (--force) option that tells userdel to forcefully remove the user account, even if the user is still logged in or if there are running processes that belong to the user.
'''$ userdel -f username '''

[https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-delete-users-in-linux-using-the-userdel-command/ How to Delete/Remove Users in Linux (userdel Command)]

== rbash | Restricted Bash ==
'''$ rbash '''
'''$ bash -r'''

https://www.tecmint.com/rbash-a-restricted-bash-shell-explained-with-practical-examples/
https://www.thegeekdiary.com/rbash-set-restricted-shell-in-linux/

https://www.howtogeek.com/718074/how-to-use-restricted-shell-to-limit-what-a-linux-user-cando/
https://ostechnix.com/how-to-limit-users-access-to-the-linux-system/
https://averagelinuxuser.com/creating-new-user-linux/
https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-create-users-in-linux-using-the-useradd-command/
https://www.howtoforge.com/user_password_creating_with_a_bash_script

== Simple Script Jail ==

This is are the default settings for the USER to login and run a bash shell:
'''$ chsh -s /bin/bash [USER] '''

This for the simple jail:
'''$ chsh -s /home/[USER]/./run [USER] '''

== Disable history ==

https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-disable-bash-shell-commands-history-on-linux
https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/disable-bash-shell-history-linux/
https://www.thegeeksearch.com/how-to-disable-and-clear-linux-command-line-history/

== Disable LASTLOGIN ==
'''$ touch /home/user/.hushlogin'''

https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-disable-last-login-message-on-rhel-linux
https://www.heatware.net/linux-unix/linux-how-to-disable-last-login-welcome-message/

== type | command check ==

Check whether a command is built-in or not
'''$ type [COMMAND]'''

== RANDOM NUMBERS ==
'''$ echo $RANDOM'''
'''$ echo $(( $RANDOM % 9 + 0 ))'''

'''$ echo $(shuf -i 0-9 -n1)'''

'''$ od /dev/urandom -A n -t d -N 1 '''

https://linuxhint.com/generate-random-number-bash/
https://linuxconfig.org/generating-random-numbers-in-bash-with-examples
https://www.delftstack.com/howto/linux/random-number-generation-in-bash/

== RANDOM STRINGS ==
'''$ echo $RANDOM | md5sum | head -c 1; echo; '''
'''$ tr -dc A-Za-z0-9 </dev/urandom | head -c 1 ; echo ' ' '''

https://gist.github.com/earthgecko/3089509

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/230673/how-to-generate-a-random-string
https://linuxhint.com/generate-random-string-bash/
https://www.saotn.org/bash-function-to-generate-a-random-alphanumeric-string/

https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/709895/515538